Cleaning your cat’s ears

First, your cat will most likely not want you messing with his ears, so you’ll likely find it helpful to have a friend hold your cat for the procedure. Wrapping the cat in a towel can be helpful as well.

Supplies

To clean your cat’s ears, you’ll need gauze or cotton balls and an ear cleaning solution recommended by your veterinarian. Note: never stick a cotton swab (Q-Tip) inside your cat’s ear canal because it could cause injury or push debris further into the ear canal. 

The cleaning process

1. Wet the cotton ball or gauze with a little bit of ear cleaner. 
2. Pull back the cat’s earflap gently and wipe away dirt and debris. 
3. Add a few drops of solution into the ear. Massage the base of the ear for five to ten seconds. Then, stand back and let your cat shake the solution out.
4. Use gauze or a cotton ball to clean any excess liquid out of the ear canal. 
5. Repeat with the other ear.

When your cat’s ears need more than a cleaning

When examining your cat’s ears, there are some warning signs that indicate you should take your cat to your veterinarian to get your cat’s ears checked out. 

• Bad smell 
• Head shaking or ear scratching
• Excessive yawning
• Baldness on the outer ears
• Excessive ear wax
• Sensitivity to touch

Because ear mites feed on the wax in a cat’s ear, it’s good to keep the ears clean. Mites are a serious issue because your cat’s scratching can cause infection, which can lead to mutilation of the ears and face. A cat that has ear mites will shake his head vigorously, scratch the ears, and flatten them against his head. If your cat displays these symptoms, get him to your veterinarian right away.

The post How to Clean Your Cat’s Ears appeared first on Pet Care Blog – Dog and Cat Health Advice and More | Healthy Paws.

Brushing your cat’s teeth may seem like an impossible feat. After all, something simple like combing their fur or trimming their toe nails requires a hefty dose of patience…and maybe even a couple bandages after the fact.

The truth is that many cats dislike having their teeth brushed, but they will get used to it over time if you’re consistent. The chicken-flavored toothpaste helps, as well! Today we’re outlining the reasons why brushing your cat’s teeth is important to their overall health, how often you should do it, and providing you with a guide for getting the job done.

Types of Toothbrushes and Toothpaste

There are two primary types of feline toothbrushes to choose from.

• The first looks just like the human version, only smaller.
• The second is a “finger cot” and it looks like a glove tip with a tiny brush on it.

Experiment with both to see which your cat prefers — or hates less, if we’re being real — and then choose from there. Many often opt for the finger cot since it provides greater control over the brush and feels softer in your cat’s mouth.

As for toothpaste, you must use one that’s formulated specifically for cats and tastes like chicken or fish. Human versions contain baking soda and other whitening additives which can make cats sick, and your cat wouldn’t enjoy the minty taste anyway.

A Quick Guide on How to Brush Your Cat’s Teeth

1. Offer a taste: If you’re brushing for the first time, offer your cat a taste of the flavored toothpaste on your finger to smell and taste. Next, run your finger along your cat’s gums as a preface to the actual brushing.
2. Brush in small circles: Gently insert the toothbrush or finger cot into your cat’s mouth and brush in small circles, angling the brush up along the upper gum line and down along the lower gums. The back teeth often have the most plaque buildup, so brush those first in case your cat cuts you off prematurely.
3. Take your time: Back off if your cat growls, hisses, claws, or seems extremely agitated, then attempt again the next day. You’ll probably have to work up to a full mouth brushing — which takes about one minute — over the course of a few weeks.

Repeat every day until your cat seems used to it and keep it up to improve your pet’s dental health. Choose a time of day that is convenient for both you and your pet, and make tooth-brushing a part of your daily routine. This will decrease stress, allow your cat to become used to the procedure, and help you remember to brush every day.

What Happens When You Don’t Brush Your Cat’s Teeth

Dental hygiene is important for every creature, including your fluffball of a cat. Ideally, you should brush your cat’s teeth every day, but we recognize that this isn’t always doable. Many vets will recommend brushing your cat’s teeth no less than once per week. Here’s why:

• Kitty cavities — referred to as “tooth resorption” — are more likely to develop with poor dental hygiene. This is very painful, and often requires full extraction of the tooth.
• Their teeth can fall out due to periodontal or gum disease. This happens when plaque — that hard, white stuff — gathers around the gums, which makes the teeth loosen up and eventually fall out. Daily brushing prevents plaque buildup.
• Painful inflammation and gum disease may occur, and your cat may even be more susceptible to developing ulcers in their mouth.
• Your cat’s breath gets stinky if you don’t brush their teeth. Unusually stinky breath usually means they’re dealing with an infection or disease.
• Other illnesses in the body can arise due to poor dental hygiene. The mouth is a gateway to many other parts of the body, so keeping it clean matters.

In addition to helping prevent a painful mouth, you can also save money by brushing your cat’s teeth regularly. Preventing mouth-related diseases not only keeps them healthy, but it keeps your vet bills down, as well.

Bottom Line on Brushing Your Cat’s Teeth

It’s essential to take care of your cat’s teeth to avoid painful and dangerous health problems that are often pricey. Even brushing your pet’s teeth once a week can reduce their chances of developing dental issues. With a bit of practice, both you and your feline friend will get used to the daily routine of toothbrushing.

The post How to Brush Your Cat’s Teeth appeared first on Pet Care Blog – Dog and Cat Health Advice and More | Healthy Paws.

Key Takeaways

• Loss of fur in cats can be due to anxiety, stress, infection, hyperthyroidism, allergies, ringworm, mange, and more.
• Hyperthyroidism, seborrhea and diabetes mellitus can cause a cat to have oily fur.
• Cat dandruff may be caused by skin mites, ringworm, diabetes mellitus, seborrhea and dry air.
• Over-bathing or over-brushing your cat can make coat conditions worse.
• Fur conditions are often due to underlying conditions, so see your vet if the conditions persist.

A cat’s coat is its fur and pride – felines spend hours every day grooming themselves. Some common illnesses in cats can cause painful or unpleasant symptoms that result in fur loss, changes in fur texture, or dandruff. Here’s a quick guide to abnormal coat symptoms in cats and their potential causes.

Cat Hair Loss

Unless your cat is a hairless breed, chances are you’ll be able to notice if your pet is experiencing any fur loss over and above normal shedding, which is officially known as alopecia in cats. The baldness can be partial or complete, random or in a pattern, and occur fast or slow. The following conditions all list fur loss as a symptom:

• Anxiety disorders and stress can cause a cat to over-groom.
• Hyperthyroidism has the potential side effect of alopecia.
• Food allergies and environmental allergies may also cause excessive itching, which can lead to fur loss.
• An allergy to flea bites can also lead to significant hair loss.
• Ringworm, a parasitic fungal infection, has fur loss which may occur in a circular pattern as a primary symptom.
• Mange is a condition caused by mites; cats suffering from it frequently experience alopecia.

Treatment for cat hair loss

Make an appointment with your vet; almost all of the above medical conditions require medications prescribed by a veterinarian to treat.

Oily or Greasy Fur in Cats

As a cat ages, grooming can become difficult due to joint conditions like osteoarthritis. Senior cats sometimes lose interest in grooming themselves as well, particularly if they are sick. Obese cats may also find it hard to self-groom. Fur can change in texture and become greasy or oily, often appearing spiky or clumped together. This is due to an increase or lack of distribution of the natural oils in the cat’s fur. Conditions like the following can cause this change:

• Hyperthyroidism is a hormone imbalance; this can change your pet’s fur texture.
• Seborrhea is a skin condition caused by some parasites, dietary deficiencies, or allergies and may also be genetic.
• Diabetes mellitus can also be a culprit.

Treatment for oily fur

If your cat’s condition is caused by difficulties with self-grooming, try brushing your cat with a flat slicker brush. Bathing your pet with a gentle shampoo monthly may also help. However, it’s still a good idea to see your veterinarian since there is probably a medical condition at play that is reducing your cat’s ability to take care of his coat on his own.

Cat Dandruff

This unsightly symptom is caused by an excess of dead skin being shed. It is often visible as small white flakes on the animal’s fur. While not a problem on its own, dandruff in cats can be unpleasant to touch and typically indicates an underlying medical condition, like one of the following, that requires veterinary treatment:

• Cheyletillosis, a skin mite condition, may cause dandruff as the mite moves along the animal’s skin.
• Ringworm can cause visibly flaky skin.
• Diabetes mellitus can affect skin dryness and coat texture.
• Seborrhea may explain dandruff as well as oily coats.
• Dry air, which is often worse in winter, can dehydrate an animal’s skin, leading to mild dandruff.

Treatment for cat dandruff

At-home treatment for mild dandruff can include installing a humidifier in the winter months. Adding omega-3 fatty acid supplements to your cat’s diet may also help. (Always consult a veterinarian before giving your pet any medications or supplements!) If your cat is suffering from severe dandruff or multiple skin-related symptoms, it’s time to visit the vet. Medicated cat dandruff shampoo may be prescribed to treat seborrhea or other chronic skin problems. Once your cat’s underlying health problem is under control, his dandruff should improve as well.

Conditions affecting your cat’s fur are often symptoms of an underlying problem. If the symptoms persist, see your vet. Don’t over-bathe or -brush your pet; this can affect oil gland levels and only make your cat’s coat worse! With treatment, coat issues will resolve, and your pet can groom himself with pride.

The content is not intended to be a substitute for professional veterinarian advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your veterinarian or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical diagnosis, condition, or treatment options.

The post Common Coat Conditions in Cats appeared first on Pet Care Blog – Dog and Cat Health Advice and More | Healthy Paws.

Preparing your cat

Some cats are very mellow and have no complaints about having their nails done, but others want no part of it. It’s a good idea to get your cat used to having his paws handled before attempting to clip his claws. Practice gently pressing down on the paw just behind the claw. The claws will then extend, and you will see the sharp tip. Release the paw and give your cat a treat. Repeat the process over several days until he gets comfortable with you holding his paws and manipulating his toes.

Clipping kitty’s nails

For clipping, you can use human nail clippers if you’re comfortable with them, but most pet parents opt for clippers specifically designed for cutting cat claws. Just be sure the blades are sharp—dull blades can crush the claws or cause them to split. If you’re handling the job solo, you’ll need to arrange kitty so he can’t escape. Position yourself behind him so he can’t back away. A good place to do this is in the bathroom with the door closed. Put a towel on the closed toilet lid and set kitty on it. Standing behind him, take kitty’s front paw in your hand and press it like you’ve practiced. When the claw extends, clip the sharp tip.

Don’t get too close to the quick, which is the pink part of the claw where the nerve endings and blood vessels are. If you do, kitty will let you know with a yowl and possible bleeding. If you accidentally clip too closely and draw blood, put a small amount of flour or corn starch on the tip of your finger and press into the tip of the nail. The pressure will help stop the bleeding.

It’s especially important to clip the dew claws, located on the inner side of each foot, because these claws don’t get worn down when kitty scratches and can grow into the foot. They can be tricky to clip, so take extra care.

It may not be necessary to clip the rear claws, but if they are sticking to you when your cat jumps on your lap, it might be needed.

Don’t worry if kitty won’t sit still long enough for you to clip all of his claws at one time. You’ll soon learn how much tolerance he has for the whole procedure. Clip a claw or two, then give him a treat and let him go about his business. Later, or even the next day, do a few more.

If your cat simply will not let you anywhere near his claws and feet, you can take him to your veterinarian’s office and the technicians can trim the claws for you.

The post How to Properly Trim Your Cat’s Claws appeared first on Pet Care Blog – Dog and Cat Health Advice and More | Healthy Paws.

Key Takeaways

• Caring for your cat’s teeth is as essential as other preventative care and will keep your pet from developing related health conditions.
• Regularly brushing your cat’s teeth is key to their oral health.
• You can save money and trips to the store by making your own cat toothpaste, with just a few ingredients you may already have.

If your cat has bad breath, it’s more than just an annoyance when she purrs in your face. Healthy cat mouths do not have a strong odor, so it could be a sign of decay and poor oral health that you can address with teeth cleaning.

By the age of three, close to 70 percent of cats will show signs of dental disease.

While often neglected, dental health is vital for cats. Just like humans, cats can develop periodontal disease, a condition that is like severe cavities, and inflammation or ulcers of the mouth.  Of course, other diseases can affect a cat’s mouth so it’s always best to check in with your veterinarian if you have concerns.

Dental disease drastically reduces a cat’s quality of life, and problems aren’t restricted to the mouth! Periodontal disease can lead to secondary infections in the blood, a weakened immune system, and susceptibility to illness in other parts of the body, like the heart or kidneys. At the very least, dental problems can lead to chronic pain and difficulty eating.

And besides hygiene and health benefits, teeth cleaning has the added benefit of giving your cat fresher-smelling breath.

Ideally, experts say we should brush our cat’s teeth every day. If that seems unrealistic, aim for three times a week to keep your kitty’s chompers and gums clean and healthy. It’s best to start this habit when your cat is still a kitten to get them used to accepting the procedure.

Whatever you do, don’t use human toothpaste for the task. Human toothpaste is dangerous for cats since they are likely to swallow it, and it may contain ingredients fluoride and sodium that can make them ill and cause an upset stomach.

You can buy toothpaste specifically for cats or make homemade cat toothpaste, which is easy, has few ingredients that you may already have on hand, and takes only a few minutes.

Do-it-yourself toothpaste also allows you to avoid additional trips to the store, saves you some money, and makes for a quick home project.

With D.I.Y. kitty toothpaste, you can ensure it has only natural, healthy ingredients and no chemicals. It’s also more earth-friendly, as you are reducing the plastic packaging waste and shipping emissions that come with store-bought brands.

Ingredients you can use in homemade cat toothpaste:

• Coconut oil
• Flavorings such as beef or chicken bouillon and parsley
• Kelp
• Turmeric

(While many dog toothpaste recipes call for baking soda, there is some dispute about whether it’s OK for cat toothpaste. A small amount won’t hurt them, but too much could cause stomach upset.)

Four Toothpaste Recipes for Cats 

Homemade cat toothpaste recipe from Vetco

Ingredients:

• 1 cup of unrefined, virgin coconut oil
• 1/2 teaspoon of turmeric
• 1/2 teaspoon of kelp
• 1/8th tablespoon of dried parsley flakes

Directions:

1. Place one cup of coconut oil in a hot water bath to make it soft and pliable. (Unless it already is)
2. Add the turmeric, kelp and parsley flakes.
3. Mix thoroughly, store in the fridge between uses.

Easy Natural Homemade Toothpaste Recipe from All Natural Pet Care

 Ingredients

• Edible Calcium Montmorillonite Clay (sold as an exfoliate or detox remedy, it will not hurt your cat if swallowed)

Directions

Sprinkle a little clay on a damp infant toothbrush or a piece of damp, sterile gauze wrapped around your finger and brush. Clean the toothbrush thoroughly afterward as it will dry hard.

Several commenters on the All Natural Pet Care website said their cats seem to like the clay’s taste.

Coconut oil toothpaste for cats

Coconut oil is an ingredient in many commercial cat kinds of toothpaste, and several pet blogs say that just using coconut oil by itself makes a good teeth cleaner for cats. Coconut oil contains a high concentration of lauric acid, known for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, which fights plaque and gingivitis, says Wilderness Cat.  

Ingredient:

• Extra virgin unrefined coconut oil (1 teaspoon per 10 lbs.)

Directions: 

You can apply the oil directly to your cat’s teeth and gums using a toothbrush or piece of cloth. Gently scrub your cat’s teeth to physically loosed plaque.

Cat toothpaste to buy 

If you’d prefer to buy some toothpaste for your cat, there are several options available. Here are cat toothpastes on Amazon that customers rate as the best:

• Virbac C.E.T. Enzymatic Dog and Cat Toothpaste, $9.44 for 70 grams.
• Vetoquinol Enzadent Enzymatic Toothpaste for Cats and Dogs, $11.29 for 3.2 oz.
• Nylabone advanced oral care dental kit, $10.14
• PET KING Oratene Toothpaste Gel, $13.99 for 2.5 oz.
• Petrodex Dental Kit for Cats, Malt Flavor Toothpaste, $5.99 for 2.5 oz.

How to brush your cat’s teeth

OK, so you’ve committed to making or buying some cat toothpaste, and you are ready to start cleaning. Healthy Paws has some advice on how to brush your cat’s teeth. At first, brushing a cat’s teeth can be mildly stressful and confusing for your furry friend. But the more you do it, the quicker your pet will become comfortable with you cleaning his teeth. Always finish your tooth-brushing session with a treat and lots of praise!

Here are some tips from Banfield Pet Hospital:

• Find a comfortable place, like your lap, or a favorite resting spot for your cat to sit during the toothbrushing session.
• Give your cat a small sample of the toothpaste to introduce the taste.
• Lift the lip to expose the outside surfaces of your cat’s gums and teeth.
• Brush with gentle motions to clean the teeth and gums, as you would your own.
• Clean the outside (cheek-facing) surfaces, as most pets will not allow you to brush the inside surface of the teeth.
• Be sure to reach the back upper molars and canines, as these teeth tend to build up tartar quickly.

Get a professional cleaning regularly too 

Like humans, your vet may recommend a professional teeth cleaning for your kitty, usually with general anesthesia. They’ll remove tartar and plaque and recommend further dental procedures if they find problems. According to V.C.A. Hospitals, the examination typically includes dental X-rays and probing to evaluate gum bleeding and periodontal pockets where food can accumulate and decay if not properly cared for.

However, because anesthesia is required, cat teeth cleaning can be pretty pricey – and it isn’t covered by traditional pet insurance. Consider budgeting for annual cleaning, especially if your cat has a history of dental problems. The cost of cleaning cats’ teeth can be anywhere from $150 to $450, depending on your city and the age and health status of your cat. The service should include anesthesia, cleaning, polishing, and fluoride treatment, at a minimum.

How else can I keep my cat’s teeth clean?

In addition to brushing your cat’s teeth, there are many other ways to maintain his dental health. Food, treats, toys, chews, water additives, and oral sprays are all available to promote a healthy mouth. Greenies dental treats, WHISKAS® Dentabites Cat Treats, and Purina DentaLife® Cat Treats are all recommended by the Veterinary Oral Health Council.

What dental care is covered by pet insurance?

The Healthy Paws pet insurance plan covers accidental injury to your cat’s teeth, including extractions and reconstructions. Routine dental care, such as the professional cleanings described above, is considered preventative and is not covered. With preventative at-home and professional cleanings, you can avoid most dental abnormalities or illnesses.

If you are someone who brushes your cat’s teeth regularly (or aspires to), you are a great candidate for pet insurance to help cover the costs of unexpected accidents or illnesses. Start by getting a free quote.

The post DIY: Homemade Cat Toothpaste appeared first on Pet Care Blog – Dog and Cat Health Advice and More | Healthy Paws.

Does my cat need a bath?

Because of their grooming talents, most cats are able to cover their basic cleaning needs and will not need frequent baths. However, there are a few cases in which your cat does need bathing.

• After playing outside, exploring the chimney or getting herself into some kind of mess, a dirty cat will need a bath.
• Cats with long hair, like Persians and Siberians, may have more than they can handle and need bathing as well as frequent brushing.
• Hairless cats like the Sphynx need more frequent bathing because they don’t have hair to absorb their body oils.
• Cats with arthritis or extra weight have places they can’t reach during their grooming routine.
• A flea infestation and other health issues require specific bathing remedies.

How often should I bathe my cat?

Though not a requirement, you may decide to bathe your cat simply to freshen up her coat and skin. An indoor cat that is fastidious with her grooming might need a bath only once or twice a year, while an outdoor cat may need more frequent baths depending on how dirty they get. Outside of the previously mentioned circumstances, whether or not and how frequently you bathe your cat will depend on her personality and tolerance of being bathed. If your cat has a particular hatred of water and doesn’t have any problems grooming herself, then there is nothing wrong with skipping baths altogether.

How to bathe a cat

Before attempting to bathe your cat, make sure you have the proper supplies ready.

• Shampoo made specifically for cats
• Towels
• Treats to make the experience more pleasant for your cat
• A pitcher or removable shower head for rinsing
• A towel or non-slip bath mat so your cat doesn’t slip in the tub or sink
• Optional: a helper to hold the cat and offer treats while you do the washing and rinsing

When you’re ready to embark on the unknown territory that is bathing your cat, place her in the tub. If your cat is stressed about the situation, remain calm and talk to her in a soothing voice. Offer treats to create a positive experience. Using a pitcher or the shower head, get her fur wet with warm (but not too hot) water, avoiding the ears and face. If your cat’s face is dirty, you can wipe it clean with a wet washcloth. Lather her up with shampoo, then thoroughly rinse off all the shampoo. Dry her with towels—never use a blow dryer which can scare her and be too hot for her skin. Once your cat is completely dry, brush or comb out her fur.

Note: Too frequent bathing can cause dry skin, so only give your cat a bath when she really needs it. Consult your veterinarian if you are unsure about how often your cat should get a bath.

Why do cats hate water?

It’s a known fact that most cats don’t like water, which can make bathing anywhere from difficult to impossible. Cats in the wild such as tigers can be found catching fish and even going for a swim or resting in shallow water to cool down on hot days. Some domestic cat breeds tolerate or even enjoy water, but they are certainly in the minority.

So why do most cats have an aversion to water? One theory is that cats don’t enjoy water because most domesticated cat breeds have fur that soaks up water, making it hard for them to quickly dry off. However, like anything that is new and different, water might simply be scary because your cat was never exposed to it during her first few years of life. If your kitty is young, getting her used to baths early will make it easier in the long run. Otherwise, just be patient and understanding. With a little coaxing, you can survive bath time and successfully come out the other side with a clean cat.

The post Cat Baths 101: The When and How to Bathe a Cat appeared first on Pet Care Blog – Dog and Cat Health Advice and More | Healthy Paws.

Grooming Time Equals Bonding Time

Taking time to groom your pet — which includes everything from brushing their teeth to combing their fur to trimming their nails — helps your pet feel safe and closer to you. Make grooming time even more fun by offering treats during and after and by showing lots of affection.

Your Home Will Smell and Look Better

Grooming removes loose hair, dandruff, and any particulates in your animal’s fur. (And let’s be real, sometimes they can bring in some stinky and gross stuff.) If it’s removed from their fur, it won’t linger in the house.

Consistent grooming also helps reduce pet-related allergies. In terms of keeping your pet’s coat clean, dogs require more attention compared to cats since cats are obsessive self-cleaners. How frequently your dog is bathed depends on its size; lap dogs should be bathed once a month and larger dogs every other month. It also depends on their fur type. Wiry or coarse fur doesn’t hold onto particulates as well, whereas soft fur gets matted easily.

It Gives You a Good Chance to Inspect Their Skin and Body

In the same way humans have to keep tabs on their bodies, it’s important to regularly examine your pet’s skin and body for any abnormalities. This is a bit tricky due to all that fur, but you’ll want to be on the lookout for atypical lumps and bumps and report them to your vet immediately. These abnormalities are often benign, but can sometimes be indicators of cancer, an infection, or disease.

Trimmed Nails Prevent Painful Complications

When a cat or dog’s nails are left untrimmed things can take a turn for the worse. First, the nail can break or tear off if it gets too long, which is very painful. Second, untrimmed nails can grow so long that they curl and grow back into your pet’s paw. This is also painful and can result in split claws and many complications down the road. If you don’t feel comfortable cutting your pet’s nails, then you can take them to a grooming salon. Your vet will also be glad to help.

Grooming Reduces Their Chance of Contracting Fleas and Mites

In addition to looking good and smelling great, a clean coat means a reduced likelihood of contracting fleas and ear mites (which appear as black dots on the inner ear). These unwelcome critters can take refuge on your furry friend’s body at any time, but consistent grooming means you’ll catch them early.

Good Oral Health Can Lead to Better Health Overall

Oral health is also very important for both cats and dogs. Brushing their teeth at least once a week is recommended, and can reduce their risk of gum disease, cavities and tooth absorption, and other maladies. Better breath is also a bonus. Dogs tend to be more amicable to having their teeth brushed than cats, but both require upkeep on their dental hygiene.

The bottom line is that a consistent grooming regimen for your pet will keep them happier, healthier, and yes, prettier. It also means a cleaner environment for you and your family, a stronger bond between pet and parent, and fewer instances of tiny invaders. It’s a win for everyone!

The post 6 Reasons Why Grooming Your Pet is Important to Their Health appeared first on Pet Care Blog – Dog and Cat Health Advice and More | Healthy Paws.

Key Takeaways

• Taking care of your pet’s teeth and gums is essential to maintaining good health
• Just like in people, gum disease, cavities, and mouth ulcers can occur in pets.
• Frequent home brushing and professional cleanings when needed are recommended for good oral health.

On average, people brush their teeth twice a day and visit their dentist every six months. But how often do you provide dental care for your dog or cat? Many of the same dental illnesses and conditions humans develop are also developed by pets. Taking care of your pet’s teeth and gums is essential to maintaining good health; and just like in humans, complications can arise from diseases left untreated.

Common Conditions

1. Periodontal gum disease is the biggest threat to your pet’s dental health. It develops when bacteria build up on teeth and under the animal’s gum line, combining with saliva and bits of food to form plaque, which then hardens and calcifies into tartar. Plaque and tartar are very irritating, and over time, the gums begin to separate from the teeth. If left untreated, infections and abscesses can form, causing extreme pain and problems eating. Reddened gums and excessively bad breath are initial indicators while receding gums are visible in the disease’s later stages. If an abscess is present, facial swelling, bad breath, and an inability to chew normally may be noticeable. Professional teeth cleaning is required to remove the plaque and tartar, and in advanced cases, teeth may have to be removed.
2. Cavities are common in people but less so in pets. Just as in humans, cavities result from the decaying of hard tooth tissue due to a build-up of bacteria. A cavity may be visible on your pet’s tooth, but often there are no other symptoms. The hole in your pet’s tooth may be filled by a veterinary dentist, but if the tooth has decayed too much it may have to be removed. Cats more commonly develop a condition called tooth resorption, which is a bit like a huge cavity that eats away at one or more teeth. Tooth resorption is extremely painful.
3. Tissue inflammation, ulcers, and wounds in the mouth are other concerns for pet parents. While some pre-existing medical conditions such as diabetes and lupus can cause these problems, there are also many other causes. Malnutrition, an electrical shock injury, or trauma to the mouth can all cause mouth inflammation, wounds, and ulcers. Symptoms include bad breath, red and swollen gums, “ropey” saliva, pain, and loss of appetite. Veterinary care depends on the underlying cause, but most often drugs will be prescribed to reduce inflammation and pain and to treat or prevent infection.

Visiting Your Vet

If you notice any unusual changes in your pet’s eating habits, including loss of appetite and problems chewing, seek veterinary care. Any visible malformations of your cat or dog’s gums, cheeks, tongue, or teeth should also be reasons to make an appointment. If you have a puppy or kitten, pay close attention to your pet’s teeth as they develop; crowded teeth can also cause inflammation and pain as well as structural anomalies that may require treatment to correct.

Preventing Dental Issues

It is recommended that your pet visit a vet for professional teeth cleanings on an as-needed basis. Some pets should have their teeth cleaned once a year or even more frequently. Others, particularly those whose teeth are brushed daily, do fine with less frequent cleanings. A professional dental cleaning is a multistep procedure that can ensure your pet’s continued health.

1. Physical exam.
   Because teeth cleaning requires your pet to be put under anesthesia, an exam is needed to ensure he or she is healthy enough to undergo the procedure. Blood and urine tests may be run depending on your pet’s medical history, age, and other factors. An exam will also be performed specifically on the mouth and face area to start diagnosing any abnormalities and target specific areas for treatment.
2. Exam under anesthesia.
   Your dog or cat must be anesthetized to thoroughly examine their mouth and clean their teeth. A veterinary technician will closely monitor your pet’s condition throughout the procedure and keep an eye on vital signs, including heartbeat and body temperature. A more in-depth exam will be conducted by the vet to further look for dental conditions such as cavities, periodontal disease, and ulcers.
3. Tooth cleaning.
   Ultrasonic cleaning tools along with hand instruments will be used to remove plaque and tartar from the teeth, including under the gum line.
4. Tooth polishing.
   With a high-speed hand tool, the vet or technician will smooth and even out the surface of your dog or cat’s teeth.
5. Fluoride.
   This liquid is brushed onto your pet’s teeth and works to harden enamel.
6. Post-cleaning exam.
   Dental x-rays are often taken because many dental problems hide under the gumline and can’t be seen during an exam. Additional treatments may be performed or scheduled for a future date.

Of course, pet parents should continue to care for their pet’s dental health at home with regular tooth brushings.

What Pet Insurance Covers

Healthy Paws pet insurance plans cover accidental injury to your dog or cat’s teeth, including extractions and reconstructions. Routine dental care, such as the professional cleanings described above, is considered preventative and is not covered. Taking care of your dog or cat’s dental health is essential to keeping a healthy pet. With preventative at-home and professional cleanings, you can help keep dental disease at bay.

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Tools and Supplies

• Pet ear wash solution
• Cotton balls or pads
• Q-tips
• Treats

1. Restraining Your Pet

Most animals don’t like having their ears cleaned and may wriggle around, making the job difficult. Calmly restraining your pet while still maintaining the animal’s comfort is important for both their safety and your own.

For cats and small dogs, place the animal in your lap on its stomach. Place your left forearm securely over the animal’s body, firmly grasping the jaw and head in your left hand. Gently pin the ear flap to the top of the head with your left thumb, leaving the ear canal open and visible.

Larger dogs should be laid on a table or raised surface on their stomach. You should stand on the side of the table opposite to the ear you will be cleaning, with your upper body firmly placed over the dog. Wrap your left arm around the dog’s neck and use your left hand to expose the ear canal. With your right arm lying on the dog’s shoulder, clean with your right hand. Laying your dog on his or her side may also work for squirmy pets; lay your left arm over your dog’s neck, grasping the elbow closest to the table to restrain the dog. You can then pull back the ear with your right hand and begin the cleaning process.

It may be helpful and easier to have another person with you to calm the animal or help you restrain larger pets. Try to keep your cat or dog calm at all times, praising them and petting them after every cleaned ear. Giving your pet treats after the ordeal may help cheer them up. It’s essential that cleaning your pet’s ears not be a traumatic or stressful procedure; this will make further grooming sessions more difficult.

2. Observing the Ear

One purpose of grooming your pet is to inspect the animal’s skin and fur for any abnormalities such as redness, sores, or lesions. The outside of the ear should be completely covered with fur; patchy fur or irritated skin at the base of the ear or on the tip indicate excessive itching. After you pull back the ear flap, inspect the inside of the cat or dog’s ear. The skin should be a pale to medium shade of pink with none of the following:

• Black wax – This is an indicator of ear mites, small parasites that cause excessive scratching and head shaking in both dogs and cats.
• Swelling accompanied by warmth – If your pet has been over-itching the inside of their ear, an aural hematoma can result from the trauma. Minor surgery is typically required to relieve the swelling and reduce chance of infection.
• Foul-smelling discharge – Infections of the outer and inner ear are relatively common among pets. The discharge can be yellow or reddish-brown. Ear infections require antibiotics (either in oral or topical form), medicated ear washes, or possibly minor surgery; only your vet can give you the proper care.

3. Cleaning the Ears

Squeeze a few drops of ear wash onto the inside of the ear flap. Gently move the tip of the wash bottle a few millimeters into the ear canal and squeeze another few drops into the canal. Your pet may shake its head immediately after you do this, removing some of the wash. Massage the base of the ear to distribute the ear wash throughout the ear canal – most cats and dogs enjoy this part! Use cotton balls or pads to remove ear discharge from the ear flap. You can use q-tips to get into the ear’s crevices, but never stick a q-tip into your pet’s ear further than you can see. Just as in humans, excessive or too deep q-tip use can pack wax in the ear or even rupture the ear drum.

How Often to Clean

Groomers recommend you clean your pet’s ears at least once a month. Dog breeds with longer ears, such as spaniels and basset hounds, should have their ears inspected and cleaned bi-weekly, as they are more prone to contracting ear-related health conditions. If you feel uncomfortable cleaning your cat or dog’s ears, take them to a professional groomer.

Cleaning your pet’s ears is essential to prevent ear infections and parasites. The cleaning process can be painless if done properly; the important thing is to keep your pet calm and reward them after the procedure is over. If your dog or cat proves extremely resistant to having their ears cleaned, don’t force the issue and visit a professional groomer.

The post How to Clean Your Pet’s Ears appeared first on Pet Care Blog – Dog and Cat Health Advice and More | Healthy Paws.

Tools

There are multiple types of trimmers you can use to clip your pet’s nails:

• Guillotine clippers
• Scissor clippers
• Human nail clippers

For both cats and dogs, guillotine nail clippers are best, as they prevent nails from splitting and their sharp blades encircle the nail, giving a clean cut. Human nail clippers work for young cats. The scissor clipper is for animals with nails that are curling into circles where the guillotine clipper cannot be fit around the nail.

Restraining your pet

Most animals don’t like having their claws clipped and may wriggle around, making the job difficult. Calmly and firmly restraining your pet is important for both their safety and your own. You should also work up to it slowly.

For cats and small dogs, place the animal in your lap on its side with their paws facing away from you. Place your forearms securely over the neck and rear legs, holding the clippers in your right hand. Some animals may allow you to sit them in your lap with their belly and paws facing outwards. Holding your forearm over their chest under the front paws works to restrain them.

Larger dogs should be laid on a table or raised surface on their stomach. You should stand on the side of the table opposite to the claws you will be clipping, with your arms and upper body firmly placed over the dog. Keeping your forearm gently but securely over your pet’s neck while clipping the front claws to prevent the animal from raising its head. Laying your dog on his or her side may also work for squirmy pets; restrain your dog’s head with your left forearm and hold the paw you are clipping with your left hand, clipping with your right.

It may be helpful and easier to have another person with you to calm the animal or help you restrain larger pets. Try to keep your cat or dog calm at all times, praising them and petting them after every completed paw. Giving your pet treats after the ordeal may help cheer them up. It’s essential that clipping your pet’s nails not be a traumatic or stressful procedure; this will make further grooming sessions more difficult.

Using guillotine clippers

1. Hold the nail clipper in your right hand (or left, if you are left-handed) with the flat stationary handle on the top under your thumb and the springy curved handle facing downwards in your fingers.
2. Place the ring of the guillotine clippers around your pet’s nail with the handles pointing either straight up or straight down; cutting from the side can cause the nail to split or tear. The blade of the clippers and the flat handle should be facing towards you, not the animal.
3. Cats claws retract; gently squeeze on the animal’s toe to reveal the claw. The quick is the pink area of nerves and blood vessels, easily visible in animals with light-colored claws. You should cut no closer than 2mm away from the quick; if nicked, the claw will begin to bleed, causing the animal pain. Styptic powder or pressure with a towel can be used to stop the bleeding.
4. Squeeze the handle to move the blade up, cutting the claw. If your dog or cat has dark-colored nails, clip them in several cuts. When you begin to see a grayish-pink oval appear in the nail, you are approaching the quick.
5. Cut all four claws on your pet’s front and back paws as well as their dew claws.

Using scissor clippers

1. Grasp the animal’s paw firmly, holding the clippers in your right (or left) hand at a right angle to the nail.
2. Cut approximately 2mm from the quick by squeezing the handles together firmly. If your pet has dark claws, trim them in several small cuts to prevent hitting the quick.
3. Cut all four claws on your pet’s front and back paws as well as their dew claws.

While some animals may be perfectly fine having their claws clipped by a pet parent, others require professional attention and may even have to be muzzled. If you do not feel comfortable clipping your pet’s nails, take them to a professional groomer! Ingrown  or split nails can be painful to the animal and may even become infected. Grooming your pet at home takes practice and time, but it will keep your pet healthy.

The post How to Clip Your Pet’s Nails appeared first on Pet Care Blog – Dog and Cat Health Advice and More | Healthy Paws.