How to Tell if My Dog Is Sick

Even small shifts in routine can hint at something more. When a dog isn’t feeling well, they often signal it through their body language, behavior, or energy levels, and sometimes all at once.

• Loss of appetite: A healthy dog usually eats with enthusiasm. Skipping meals can point to digestive upset, dental pain, fever, or infection.
• Body weight changes: Unexpected weight loss can indicate serious underlying disease, and weight gain can also point to certain medical conditions.
• Low energy or unusual tiredness: If your dog seems more tired than usual or rests in odd spots away from the family, it could be a sign they’re not feeling well.
• Behavior changes: Some dogs withdraw and avoid attention, while others become unusually clingy. Any sudden shift in demeanor is worth noting.
• Digestive issues: Repeated vomiting, soft or loose poop, or unexpected house accidents may indicate a gastrointestinal problem or internal issue.
• Respiratory symptoms: Coughing, sneezing, wheezing, shortness of breath, or discharge from the eyes or nose could be signs of a respiratory condition that requires prompt care.

Serious Symptoms May Be Hard to Spot

Sometimes illness sneaks in quietly. You might see small things at first, such as a change in the way your dog moves, drinks, or grooms. Those changes can be easy to overlook, especially if they come on slowly.

Keep an eye out for signs like stiffness when standing, sudden disinterest in stairs or jumping, or excessive licking at one paw or joint. These may point to orthopedic pain or inflammation. A sudden shift in weight, bad breath, or frequent urination could signal internal problems like diabetes, urinary tract infection, kidney trouble, or dental disease.

Trust your instincts. If you’re asking yourself if your dog is sick — there’s a reason. When in doubt, make the call.

How to Help Your Sick Dog

First, take notes. Track symptoms, note when they started, and observe how your dog behaves throughout the day. This gives your vet a better picture of what’s happening.

Avoid giving human medications, even if symptoms seem mild. Keep your dog hydrated and comfortable, and reduce stress by providing a calm, familiar routine while you wait for professional advice.

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If you’re a dog parent, you may be worried about whether bird flu can infect your dog. The good news is that cases of bird flu in dogs are rare. Even still, it’s good to understand what bird flu is, what it looks like in dogs, and how to prevent a bird flu infection in your dog.

Bird flu basics

The bird flu, also known as avian flu and highly pathogenic avian influenza, is an influenza type A virus. The specific strain of virus that’s causing the current outbreak is referred to as ‘H5N1.’ The ‘H’ and ‘N’ stand for proteins on the virus’s surface: hemagglutinin and neuraminidase.

The bird flu virus is primarily found in wild birds, such as ducks, geese, and storks. Wild birds typically don’t get sick from the virus but can transmit it to domestic birds, like chickens and turkeys. Pet birds are also at risk of getting infected from wild birds.

What makes the virus so concerning is its ability to mutate. The mutations allow the virus to spread quickly from one host animal to another and evade the defenses of the host animal’s immune system.

Can dogs get bird flu?

Dogs can get bird flu, but it is rare. Here are the ways in which a dog could get infected with bird flu:

• Eating a sick or dead infected bird
• Hunting wild birds, poultry
• Drinking unpasteurized milk
• Eating raw or undercooked meat
• Breathing in aerosolized droplets containing the virus
• Direct contact with feces or bodily fluids from an infected animal

To date, there is no evidence of dog-to-dog transmission of the bird flu virus.

Bird flu symptoms in dogs

Because there are so few cases of bird flu in dogs, we can only make an educated guess about its symptoms in dogs based on other influenza outbreaks, such as the canine flu. Here are some potential bird flu symptoms to look for in your dog:

• Fever
• Tiredness
• Sneezing
• Congestion
• Coughing
• Reduced appetite
• Drinking less water
• Difficulty breathing
• Eye and nose discharge
• Red, inflamed eyes
• Occasional vomiting
• Neurological signs (e.g., tremors, seizures, blindness)

These symptoms are non-specific, meaning they are not specific to the bird flu and can be associated with other medical conditions. If your dog has any of these symptoms, take them to your veterinarian immediately. Your vet will perform diagnostic tests to rule out other conditions and confirm a bird flu diagnosis.

Is bird flu harmful to dogs?

Although dogs can certainly get sick from bird flu, dogs are more likely than cats to recover from a bird flu infection.

You can breathe easier knowing that, but early intervention is key to a good recovery. Do not delay in seeking veterinary treatment if your dog has any of the signs listed above. If your dog has bird flu, they will have a better chance of recovering if supportive care to treat the symptoms is started as early as possible.

Preventing bird flu in dogs

Although it’s unlikely that your dog will get infected with bird flu, there are strategies you can take to prevent an infection:

• Keep your dog away from dead birds and wildlife.
• Keep your dog up to date on their vaccinations.
• Do not feed your dog raw or undercooked meat.
• Do not let your dog drink unpasteurized milk.
• Keep your dog out of areas where a known bird flu outbreak has been reported.
• Practice good hygiene. Before touching your dog, wash your hands after handling a wild animal.
• Do not let your dog swim in bodies of water that could contain poop or other bodily fluids from wild birds or other infected animals.

Bringing it together

Bird flu is not a pressing concern for dogs. However, arming yourself with knowledge about the bird flu virus and how to prevent it from infecting your dog will help keep your dog as safe as possible from a bird flu infection.

The post Bird Flu in Dogs: How to Spot the Symptoms appeared first on Pet Care Blog – Dog and Cat Health Advice and More | Healthy Paws.

Generally, a dog’s immune system removes harmful bacteria from the blood stream quickly; however, dogs with weak immune systems or those who are very young or very old are more likely to develop sepsis.

Sepsis is life-threatening and is considered a medical emergency. This condition should be treated immediately by a veterinarian.

Warning Signs of Sepsis in Dogs

Sepsis in dogs causes concerning symptoms, which may include the following:

• Fever
• Decreased appetite
• Increased heart rate
• Increased respiratory rate
• Low blood pressure
• Trembling
• Disorientation
• Lethargy
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Panting

Dogs will experience some or all of these symptoms depending on which stage of sepsis they are in.

Stages of Sepsis in Dogs

Sepsis rapidly progresses in dogs if not treated promptly. The stages of sepsis include:

1. Bacteremia: This is the early stage of sepsis when bacteria first start to leak into the bloodstream. Many dogs are able to clear the bacteria during this stage if they have strong immune systems; however, if they do not, bacteria start to accumulate.
2. Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS): If bacteria continue to increase in the bloodstream, the dog’s immune system overreacts and begins releasing a large number of inflammatory molecules, causing concerning symptoms.
3. Septic shock: A dog’s immune system produces proteins called cytokines to counteract the large number of bacteria, which causes significant inflammation and blood vessels to dilate. When this occurs, a dog’s blood pressure becomes extremely low and organs do not receive the blood supply they require to function properly.
4. Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS): As organs continue to be deprived of adequate blood and oxygen, they begin to fail and shut down.
5. Death: As sepsis continues to progress, many dogs succumb to the condition.

Causes of Sepsis in Dogs

There are several possible reasons a dog may develop sepsis, some of which may include:

• Bacterial infection: If a dog has an infection in some part of his body, there is potential for bacteria to spread into the bloodstream and cause widespread infection that overwhelms his immune system. This may be due to a recent skin wound, a urinary tract infection, or periodontal disease, just to name a few.
• Intravenous (IV) catheters: If a dog is being treated for an illness at a veterinary hospital and has an intravenous catheter in place, this site can allow bacteria to enter the bloodstream and cause infection, especially if it is in place for prolonged periods.
• Surgery: If a dog undergoes surgery, especially of the tooth or intestines where bacteria generally live, it increases the risk for these bacteria to enter the bloodstream and cause a widespread infection. 
• Bloat: Dogs with gastric dilatation and volvulus (bloat) may experience sepsis due to the twisting and dilation of their stomachs, which can cause bacteria to leak into the bloodstream.
• Medications: Dogs taking immunosuppressive medications are at an increased risk for sepsis since their immune systems are weakened and unable to fight infections optimally.

Treatment Plan for Dogs with Sepsis

Dogs with sepsis require hospitalization and supportive care. This includes receiving intravenous fluids to improve blood pressure and keep them hydrated. Additional treatments that may be warranted include the following:

• Intravenous antibiotics, such as Unasyn®
• Nutritional support, such as a feeding tube
• Blood pressure support, such as norepinephrine
• Gastrointestinal protectants, such as famotidine
• Anti-emetics, such as maropitant
• Blood transfusions
• Oxygen therapy

Additional medications may be recommended by the veterinarian if appropriate for the patient to support treatment and recovery.

Some dogs may undergo surgery to correct the underlying cause for the sepsis, such as to correct bloat or to remove an infected ruptured uterus (pyometra).

The prognosis for dogs with sepsis is highly variable depending on how severe the dog’s condition is upon seeking treatment. With prompt treatment in the early stages of disease, most dogs will recover fully. However, if a dog is not seen until sepsis is severe or if the dog has underlying health issues, the prognosis is generally poor.

References:

1. Infections Caused by Bacteria – Special Pet Topics – Merck Veterinary Manual
2. SurvivingsepsisinVeterinary-Medicine.pdf
3. The Veterinary Nurse – Nursing a canine in septic shock: a patient care report

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As dogs age, they often require lifestyle adjustments to keep them happy and healthy. As dogs enter their senior years, they tend to develop more health conditions and their nutritional needs change. Old age also comes with reduced mobility and pain when jumping or climbing stairs. All of this requires pet parents to keep a closer eye on their elderly dog, especially noting any changes in activity level, weight, or appetite.  

When is a dog considered a senior? 

Contrary to popular belief, figuring out your dog’s age in human years is more complicated than the commonly used rule of one year equaling seven years for dogs. In their first two years of life, dogs mature more quickly, which equals 10.5 human years, says VCA Hospitals. After that, a dog year roughly equals about four or five human years. 

How quickly your dog ages also depends on their breed and size, as smaller dogs tend to live longer than large ones. You can use this chart to estimate your dog’s true age. Typically, large dogs are considered seniors at about 7-8 years old, while small dogs don’t hit that mark until 11-12 years. 

You can help your senior dog age gracefully and healthily with the steps listed below: 

1. Joint supplements for dogs 

One of the best ways to prevent arthritis in dogs is by giving your senior dog a joint supplement. As dogs (and humans) age, the cartilage in joints begins to break down, leading to joint pain. One of the most popular supplements is glucosamine chondroitin, a natural substance that is the building blocks of cartilage. Other types of joint supplements for dogs may act by building muscle mass. Always check with your vet before starting a supplement to ensure the correct dosage and prevent any drug interactions. Veterinarians can recommend high-quality brands.  

Glucosamine’s side effects are usually related to a shellfish allergy; many supplements contain shellfish, in which glucosamine naturally occurs. In rare cases, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation and appetite loss have been reported. The vast majority of senior dogs can use joint supplements throughout their lives with no side effects. 

2. Low-impact activities for senior dogs 

“Use it or lose it” applies to your pet’s joints. Even dogs with arthritis require daily exercise to maintain mobility. Try low-impact exercise to avoid putting stress on seniors’ joints while still getting their blood pumping. Work with your dog’s natural pace, whether running or walking. Hot Dog on a Leash recommends using hills to target your pup’s back or front leg muscles – depending on the incline – as muscle atrophy can occur from arthritis in dogs or lack of activity, especially in obese pets. Swimming is another excellent, low-impact exercise for dogs. Whether you build a dog swimming pool in your backyard or head to your local lake, doggy paddling is a cardiovascular workout that maintains muscles without the pounding or joint pain caused by walking. Another way to keep your dog’s joints moving is to do range of motion exercises. While your dog is lying down, gently bend and extend their legs one at a time in sets of five repetitions. Carefully turn your dog over and repeat. 

Pay attention to your pet for signs of overexertion, like excessive panting or drooling, and avoid exercising in hot temperatures to prevent heat stroke in dogs. Winter weather can be rough on seniors’ joints; elderly pets are also more prone to hypothermia, so bundle your pup up before heading outside. 

3. Senior dog food 

Finding the best dog food for your pet’s age is essential. Senior dogs have different nutritional needs than puppies or even younger adult dogs. You should consider a dietary change usually around the age of seven or eight – depending on your dog’s size – as their lifestyle changes too. There are several ways senior dog food differs: 

1. Lower calories balance a less active lifestyle and avoid obesity  

2. High protein prevents muscle wasting, especially during weight loss. 

3. More antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids to boost the immune system, which can be weak in senior pets. 

If your pet has a chronic medical condition like arthritis, diabetes, constipation, or heart or kidney disease, they may require a special or prescription diet. Diabetic dog food is high in fiber, which delays glucose absorption into the bloodstream, preventing a dangerous post-meal blood sugar spike. Avoid bones or fatty treats, which also contribute to pet obesity; choose dog-approved vegetables like carrots, green beans, and sweet potatoes to serve as snacks. Consult with your veterinarian to design a meal plan for your dog’s specific condition and lifestyle.  

4. Dog stairs and ramps 

As pets age, mobility decreases. Senior dogs may be unable to jump on the couch or go up stairs as easily as they used to. Getting an elderly pet in the car can also be difficult, especially larger dogs who are awkward to lift. Dog stairs and ramps make getting from point A to B much easier for all involved. Be sure to select a product appropriate for your furniture’s height and your dog’s size. Many dog ramps for cars are collapsible or fold down for storage. Stairs for pets are available in various sizes and styles to match your décor. 

Signs your dog might need some stairs or ramps include: 

• Avoidance of difficult areas (stairways, couches, etc.) 

• Difficulty sitting or standing 

• Weight gain 

• Decreased activity level 

• Excessive sleeping 

• Hesitancy to jump or run 

• Walking stiffly 

5. Twice a year vet exams 

Senior dogs need to visit the vet more frequently — twice a year for checkups. VCA animal hospitals recommend every six months vet visits to detect and treat any medical conditions that may arise early. There are many medical conditions senior pets are more likely to develop, so your vet will conduct an exam and lab work specifically geared towards these and others: 

• Diabetes 

• Cancer 

• Kidney disease 

• Urinary tract disease 

• Heart disease 

• Arthritis 

• Liver disease 

• Senility or dementia 

Discussing your dog’s lifestyle changes with your vet is also important. Selecting a senior dog food, modifying exercise, and starting joint supplements should all be discussed with a veterinarian first. In some cases, the vet may perform a physical exam or blood work to rule out any pre-existing medical conditions that could be exacerbated or to prevent any drug interactions with existing conditions. 

6. Mental exercises 

Just like humans, senior dogs can become a little senile or develop doggie dementia as they age. Keeping your dog’s brain active throughout its life will help keep their cognitive ability sharp. Puzzle toys are one form of mental engagement that can be used when you’re away. Taking your pet into nature (hiking, paddling) can also be stimulating for the brain; the sights, sounds, and smells of the outdoors engage dogs’ natural instincts. 

Obedience lessons for dogs can challenge seniors’ brains and even correct behavioral issues—who says you can’t teach an old dog new tricks? Just go easy on the treats and pick low-sodium and low-fat options. 

7. Nose work for senior dogs  

It’s common knowledge that a dog’s sense of smell is far stronger than a human’s—10,000 times more powerful. In the same way you enjoy listening to music or viewing a beautiful painting, your dog enjoys experiencing the world through their nose. As your dog ages beyond his young, spunky years, he may not be able to run as fast, jump as high, or take long walks as he used to, but one thing he still loves to do is use his nose.  

Nose work is an excellent activity for dogs of all ages, but it can help keep senior dogs and those who aren’t as spry mentally and physically active. It’s a low-impact exercise that gets them off the couch and gets the gears in their brains turning. Though scent hounds like bloodhounds and basset hounds were bred for trailing scents, all dogs have powerful noses, and any dog—blind, deaf, young or old—can benefit from nose work.  

Practicing nose work at home 

Getting your dog involved in nose work is easy and only requires some dog treats. Using treats or toys that highly motivate your dog, simply hide them around your home, underneath or behind obstacles for your dog to find.  

Another great tool for nose work is the snuffle mat. A snuffle mat consists of strips of fabric that mimic grass. You can hide treats between the strips for your dog to sniff out, bringing out your dog’s natural foraging instincts as he works to find each tasty reward. You can buy a snuffle mat or easily make your own if you’re a little crafty. 

8. Massage 

Yes—most dogs love massage just like people do. Take some time to give your elderly dog the special care and attention they deserve, focusing on rubbing muscles and joints. Daily massages improve circulation, reduce pain, facilitate healing and improve their range of motion. Finish up with a soothing bath to alleviate sore muscles. Some YouTube videos demonstrate how to massage a dog. 

The post How to Keep Your Senior Dog Active and Healthy  appeared first on Pet Care Blog – Dog and Cat Health Advice and More | Healthy Paws.

Where you live or travel is a key factor in knowing what wildlife might pose a risk to your pet. For example, rattlesnakes are common in the Southwest but not in cooler climates. Mountainous, wooded areas will have bears, while people living in the desert don’t need to worry about that. If in doubt, check with your local fish and wildlife officials or veterinarian to know what to watch for.

Common dangerous wildlife

1. Snakes

In several regions, venomous snakes pose a significant risk to pets exploring outdoors. Dogs get bitten when they sniff around and a snake feels threatened. Symptoms, which may not appear for several hours, include sudden weakness, swelling, trembling, diarrhea, and vomiting. WebMD warns that snake bites can be fatal if not treated promptly, but 80 percent of dogs will survive with treatment. Treatment includes antivenom, antibiotics, and pain medication. Learn about the harrowing journey one Healthy Paws customer went on when her dog was bitten by a rattlesnake while on a hike and racked up a $11,735 vet bill.

2. Coyotes

Coyotes are widespread across North America and can see pets as prey or threats. While not common, there have been incidents of coyotes attacking pets, especially cats. If you spot a coyote in your neighborhood, don’t panic, says the Humane Society. Most coyotes avoid people unless they have been fed or become habituated to humans. Their main diet consists of rodents, but they also eat fruit and birdseed. They may attack cats or small dogs as food or attack larger dogs if they are defending their territory, especially during breeding season. You can protect your pets by keeping and feeding them inside unless supervised. You can reduce coyotes’ interest in going near your home by keeping trash secured, poop picked up and all food inside. If they approach, “haze” them by throwing things and making noise until they leave. Learn more tips about keeping predators at bay.

3. Ticks

Though tiny, ticks are dangerous parasites that can transmit diseases such as Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever to both pets and humans. Ticks can attach to your dog when they go on walks, hikes, or during any outdoor activities. Here is a map showing where ticks are most concentrated in the U.S. The best way to prevent ticks from attaching to your dog is by the regular use of tick control products. Your veterinarian can advise you about the best product for your dog and your situation. You should also examine your dog closely after being outside for ticks in their fur and remove them. Symptoms of Lyme disease include pain, lameness, loss of appetite, joint swelling and fever. Antibiotics are used to kill the bacteria that cause Lyme disease, and treatment can take some time. Pet insurance helps mitigate the high cost of treatment – one pet parent incurred about $7,000 in vet bills but was reimbursed for most of it.

4. Bears

In areas where bears are present, it’s crucial to keep pets on a leash and make noise while trekking to avoid surprising them. Generally, bears are shy and will avoid people and pets. Attacks on dogs are rare, but have happened. However, if you surprise a bear, or get between a mother and a cub, they may act aggressively. Also, if your dog is off leash and runs, the bear may think it’s prey and give chase. If you are hiking in bear country, carry bear spray and know how to use it. You may also consider wearing a bear bell or putting one on your dog to avoid surprising bears. If you are backpacking or camping overnight, follow local regulations on storing food safely away from bears, who can smell food from miles away.

If you do see a bear and it does not run off immediately, follow these tips from Orvis, an outdoor gear company:

• If the bear has not seen you, leave quietly without attracting attention. If you run, you may encourage the bear to run after you. So, slowly turn and walk away with your dog.
• If the bear has spotted you, give them some space. Keep your dog close to you and calmly return the way you came. If necessary, take a detour to give the bear as much space as possible.
• If you are at close range and an encounter is unavoidable, make yourself look as big as possible. Then, make lots of noise to scare the bear away. Do not make eye contact as the bear may mistake this for aggression. Back away from the bear, making sure that they have an escape route as well.

5. Birds of prey

Birds of prey—eagles, hawks, and owls—are all large enough to pose a risk to small dogs and cats. If your dog is small—say, 5 to 20 pounds, or cats of similar size—these birds can easily swoop in and pick them up, just as they do with rabbits, ducks and other wild prey. Keep small pets inside when not supervised and close to you when out. According to the Wildest, Great Horned Owls are the most likely to attack a dog, followed by Northern Goshawks. If you want to allow your small pet to roam outside, Wildest suggests a fenced and covered enclosure.

6. Raccoons

Raccoons, which are common in most parts of the country, are naturally shy animals that prefer to retreat when they sense humans or pets nearby, according to crittercontrol.com. However, fear can dwindle if they adapt more to a human environment. When cornered or protecting their young, they can be dangerous to people and pets and have killed small dogs and cats, critter control says.   They are also a common species for carrying rabies, so any bite could be deadly.

Less common but dangerous wildlife

• Moose are majestic creatures but can be dangerous to people and pets. They can weigh up to 1,540 pounds and are found in 19 states, with most residing in Alaska. According to Colorado Parks and Wildlife, moose see dogs as predators and will attack aggressively, charging with no warning. Do not surprise a moose; if you see one, move away quickly with your dog on a leash. If they charge, get behind a large tree, rock, or other object.
• Porcupines will not usually attack pets, but if a curious pup gets too close, they will defend themselves or young with their hooked quills, according to VCA animal hospitals. If the quills puncture the skin, they will move through muscle, ultimately penetrating body cavities and internal organs. Because the quills carry bacteria with them, once they penetrate the skin they can act as a source of infection and cause abscesses, so it’s important to get to a vet as soon as possible.
• Skunks are naturally docile animals and rarely take the offensive, VCA animal hospitals say. However, if a skunk becomes alarmed or another animal or person threatens them, they use a stinky spray as a defensive weapon. Seek immediate veterinary treatment if your dog gets sprayed directly in the eyes or mouth. If not, you may be able to mitigate the smell with a commercial odor remover or homemade solution with hydrogen peroxide, baking soda, and dish detergent. Also, be aware that skunks are carriers of rabies, so if the animal is acting strange or biting, report it immediately to the local wildlife agency.
• There are several species of toads that can be toxic to pets, including the Colorado River, giant, common and American toad. These amphibians secrete bufotoxin, a powerful hallucinogen that dogs ingest when licking the toad’s back. If you spot your dog or cat chewing on a toad, immediately rinse out their mouth. If there are signs of poisoning such as foaming at the mouth, dark pink or red gums, and eye or nose irritation, contact your veterinarian. As the toxin advances, seizures, paralysis, and difficulty breathing can occur.

Preventative measures and safety tips

1. Knowledge is vital: Familiarize yourself with the types of wildlife you might encounter in your area or during your travels. Understanding the habits and dangers of these animals can help you avoid risky encounters.

2. Leash your dog: Always keep your pet on a leash in areas where you might encounter dangerous wildlife. A leash prevents your pet from chasing after wildlife and makes it easier for you to retreat from a potential threat quickly.

3. Vaccinations and preventative care: Ensure your pets are up-to-date on their vaccinations and have protection against parasites like ticks and fleas. Regular check-ups can help detect any health issues early.

4. Training: Training your pet to respond to commands can be lifesaving in a wildlife encounter. Commands like “come,” “stay,” or “leave it” can prevent your pet from engaging with dangerous animals.

5. Nighttime precautions: Limit outdoor activities during dawn, dusk, or nighttime when many predators are most active. If you must go out, carry a flashlight and make plenty of noise to alert wildlife of your presence.

6. Clean up food and waste: Remember not to lead a predator to your pet by leaving their food, or any food, outside. Besides attracting predators, it can attract mice and other critters that predators like to hunt. Also, secure any garbage, especially if you live in an area with bears or raccoons. Anything with a scent can attract predators.

In case of an encounter

If you find yourself and your pet in a wildlife encounter, stay calm. Attempt to slowly and quietly retreat while keeping your pet close. In case of a wildlife attack, seek veterinary care immediately, even if the injuries seem minor, as there may be a risk of infection or other complications.

Conclusion

Exploring nature with pets can be a delightful experience if done safely. By understanding the potential dangers and taking necessary precautions, pet parents can mitigate the risks of dangerous wildlife encounters. By purchasing pet insurance, pet parents can ensure their pets can get the care they need should they tangle with a dangerous animal.

The post How to Protect Your Pets from Dangerous Wildlife Encounters appeared first on Pet Care Blog – Dog and Cat Health Advice and More | Healthy Paws.

If a runny nose only happens occasionally, it may not be cause for concern. However, dogs who experience long-lasting or recurrent runny noses likely have an underlying cause that needs to be addressed by a veterinarian.

It is important to bring your dog to the veterinarian if you notice a runny nose so that an accurate diagnosis can be made. This way, a suitable treatment plan can be determined.

Common Causes of Runny Noses in Dogs

There are many potential reasons for a dog to develop a runny nose, which may include the following:

• Upper respiratory infections, such as kennel cough
• Environmental allergies, such as dust or pollen
• Foreign object in nose, such as a blade of grass
• Exposure to irritant or household chemical
• Dental disease
• Warm weather
• Nasal tumor
• Nasal mites
• Rhinitis (nasal inflammation)

Symptoms That May Accompany Runny Noses in Dogs

Runny noses typically cause a thin, clear discharge, but sometimes the discharge can be yellow to green and thick if there is an infection.

Generally, a runny nose is not the only symptom dogs experience if they have an underlying issue. Additional symptoms associated with runny noses vary greatly depending on what is affecting the dog, but may include:

• Sneezing
• Coughing
• Itchy skin
• Skin rash
• Eye discharge
• Difficulty or noisy breathing
• Lethargy
• Decreased appetite
• Drooling
• Foul breath
• Facial swelling
• Panting
• Sweating from paw pads
• Bleeding from nose
• Fever

Not all dogs who have a runny nose will experience all of these symptoms. For example, a dog with an upper respiratory infection will typically have eye and nose discharge, sneezing, and noisy breathing but will not have itchy skin (unless of course he also has underlying allergies).

Ways a Veterinarian Diagnoses a Runny Nose in Dogs

A veterinarian will start with a thorough physical exam. He will carefully examine the dog’s nose and take note of the type (mucus, thin, crusty) and color (yellow, green, clear) of discharge present.

The veterinarian will also take a good look at the dog’s teeth if he suspects dental disease may be a contributing factor. To get the best view, a professional dental exam can be done under anesthesia.

Testing that may be done is based on the suspected underlying cause and include the following:

• Nasal swabs to test for infection
• Allergy testing
• Rhinoscopy (placing a thin camera inside the nasal cavity)
• Dental exam
• Imaging, such as x-rays

How to Care for Your Dog’s Runny Nose

The veterinarian will decide on the appropriate treatment after determining the underlying cause. Treatment may consist of antibiotics, antihistamines, steroids, surgery, antiparasitic medications, or a dental cleaning.

At home, follow your veterinarian’s instructions for any medications that should be given to help your dog’s runny nose. You can gently wipe away any nose discharge that may be blocking your dog’s nostrils until it clears with treatment.

When to Seek Vet Help for a Runny Nose

If you notice a runny nose in your dog, it’s a good idea to check with the veterinarian to make sure it’s nothing serious. Of course, if you know your dog has been outside enjoying some sunshine and comes in with a wet nose, it’s probably sweat to help him cool off. However, if there are other symptoms present alongside a runny nose, an underlying issue such as an infection or allergies, may be the culprit which a veterinarian can diagnose.

Pet parents should know that if a dog is experiencing a runny nose along with facial swelling, decreased appetite, or extreme lethargy, he should be brought to a veterinarian immediately.

The post Runny Noses in Dogs: Causes and Treatment appeared first on Pet Care Blog – Dog and Cat Health Advice and More | Healthy Paws.

But excessive licking may also be a sign of a potentially serious health condition, and it can lead to skin damage and infections. In this article, we’ll investigate why dogs might lick excessively and what to do about it. 

Causes of Excessive Licking in Dogs

There are many reasons why dogs lick excessively. Some causes can be managed at home, but others require veterinary attention.

• Itchiness – Anything that itches can lead to excessive licking. The licking may be restricted to one part of the body or cover wider areas. Common causes of dog itching include parasites like fleas and mange mites; bacterial, yeast, and fungal infections; and allergies to environmental triggers (pollen, mold, and house mites, for example) or food.
• Pain – Dogs often lick in response to pain. Repetitive licking releases endorphins, which are the body’s natural painkillers. Osteoarthritis, cuts, punctures, broken or overgrown toenails, insect bites or stings, joint injuries, cancer, and other sources of pain could be to blame.
• Nausea – Gastrointestinal problems and other conditions that cause nausea can make dogs drool, lick their lips, and lick themselves or objects in the environment like the floor or couch.
• Mental health – Repeated behaviors like constant licking release feel-good endorphins. Dogs with obsessive-compulsive disorders or anxiety or who are stressed due to boredom or changes in their lives can lick excessively to make themselves feel better.

How to Stop Excessive Licking in Dogs

Identifying the reason for a dog’s excessive licking is the first step to stopping it. Using an E-collar, bad-tasting spray, or bandages to prevent licking may help in the short term but does nothing to alleviate your dog’s discomfort. Unless the cause is obvious and easily treated at home (a small cut, for example), it’s best to make an appointment with your veterinarian.

The doctor will start by asking questions about your dog’s lifestyle, health history, and symptoms. They will also perform a complete physical exam. At this point, the vet will likely have an idea as to the likely origin of your dog’s excessive licking.

Itching

Itching is the most common cause of excessive licking in dogs. Your veterinarian may be able to identify the problem with just a physical examination (a flea infestation, for example), or they could need to run diagnostic tests such as a skin scraping to look for mange mites, skin cytology to identify bacterial and yeast infections, or a fungal culture for ringworm. Allergy testing may be necessary to identify a dog’s allergic triggers.

Once the cause of a dog’s itchiness is diagnosed and treated the excessive licking should resolve. Sometimes medications to ease itching are also necessary.

Pain

Pain is another common cause of excessive licking in dogs. Usually, the dog’s licking will focus on the painful area, such as an especially arthritic joint. Your veterinarian will need to perform a physical examination and possibly take X-rays or run other diagnostic tests to determine the source of your dog’s pain.

Whenever possible, treatment for excessive licking due to pain should try to eliminate the source of a dog’s pain, but veterinarians often also prescribe medications to improve a dog’s comfort level. Never give your dog a pain reliever without first speaking to your vet.

Nausea

Excessive licking due to nausea usually accompanies other symptoms like vomiting, a poor appetite, or weight loss. See a veterinarian if your dog’s nausea is severe or lasts more than a day or two. The doctor may need the results of bloodwork, a urinalysis, abdominal x-rays or ultrasound, and other diagnostic tests to determine why your dog is nauseous.

Treatment should be aimed at the underlying cause of a dog’s nausea, but anti-nausea medications can be beneficial while other treatments take effect. Once a dog’s nausea improves the dog’s excessive licking should resolve too.

Mental Health

Stress, anxiety, and behavioral problems can all lead to excessive licking in dogs. Boredom is a major stressor for dogs. If you think your dog is licking due to boredom, increase the amount of attention, playtime, and exercise they get throughout the day. Food puzzles are a great way to ease boredom when dogs have to be alone.

If something has recently changed in your dog’s life and they seem stressed by their new situation, try to duplicate their previous schedule to the greatest extent possible. For example, adding a new puppy to a household is often stressful for older dogs. Make sure your older dog gets plenty of one-on-one time with you and can easily escape unwanted attention from their new family member.

Over-the-counter anti-anxiety treatments like calming nutritional supplements and pheromone sprays or collars may help in mild cases of stress and anxiety. Veterinarians can prescribe medications and recommend other forms of treatment for serious mental health disorders, including severe anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders.

When to See the Vet Because a Dog Is Licking Excessively

Don’t panic if you notice a mild increase in your dog’s licking. If they seem healthy in all other ways, trying some safe at-home treatments may be all that is needed. Improved parasite control, omega-3 fatty acid supplements, itch-relieving dog shampoos, or calming nutritional supplements and pheromones may provide some relief.

On the other hand, dogs should be seen by a veterinarian if they are licking enough to lose hair or develop skin wounds or if they have other signs of a physical illness or behavioral problem.

The post Excessive Licking in Dogs: When to Be Concerned appeared first on Pet Care Blog – Dog and Cat Health Advice and More | Healthy Paws.

The word folliculitis means “inflammation of the hair follicles.”

Most dogs and cats have millions of hair follicles across their body. These hair follicles are found within the skin, and they occur anywhere that you see hair growing on your pet. Each hair follicle serves as the source of multiple hairs, responsible for creating the thick coat that we typically associate with our canine and feline companions.

Folliculitis refers to inflammation of these hair follicles. There are many potential causes of folliculitis, and folliculitis can take on a variety of clinical appearances.

What causes folliculitis?

Most cases of folliculitis are associated with a bacterial infection. Like humans, dogs and cats normally have bacteria, including Staphylococci (“staph”), on the surface of their skin. In a healthy dog or cat, the skin’s barrier function serves to keep these bacteria in check, preventing them from entering the skin’s structures, proliferating unchecked, and causing an infection. In some cases, however, these bacteria can invade the hair follicle and create an infection of the follicle. This infection leads to folliculitis.

Bacterial folliculitis can occur in any pet, when the conditions are right. However, it is often associated with underlying allergies. Skin allergies disrupt the skin’s barrier function, making the pet more susceptible to bacterial skin infections.

Not all cases of folliculitis are caused by skin infections or allergies. Other possible causes of folliculitis include:

• Fungal infection (e.g., ringworm)
• Parasites (e.g., demodex mites)
• Skin irritation/trauma (e.g., clipper trauma due to grooming, lick granuloma)
• Hypothyroidism
• Cushing’s disease

Diagnostic testing is typically required to determine the cause of folliculitis.

What are the symptoms of folliculitis in dogs and cats?

The most common symptoms of folliculitis are itching, redness of the skin, hair loss, and swelling. Unfortunately, these signs are common to a wide variety of skin conditions. Therefore, folliculitis can be difficult to differentiate from other skin diseases.

On closer examination, folliculitis may also show the following characteristics:

• Hyperpigmentation (darkening of the skin)
• Pustules (pus-filled bumps)
• Papules (bumps without pus)
• Epidermal collarettes (circular areas of hair loss and peeling skin)
• Abrasions and erosions (damage to the surface of the skin)

Does folliculitis require veterinary care?

Obtaining an accurate diagnosis of folliculitis, and identifying its underlying cause, requires a veterinary exam. Your veterinarian will begin by performing a thorough physical exam of your pet. This exam will include an emphasis on the skin, looking carefully at the skin in affected and unaffected areas. Your veterinarian will also examine the rest of your pet’s body, looking for evidence of systemic disease that may make your pet more susceptible to folliculitis.

Next, your veterinarian will likely recommend diagnostic tests. These tests are used to definitively diagnose folliculitis as the cause of your pet’s skin condition. Additionally, diagnostic tests can aid in determining the underlying cause of your pet’s folliculitis.

Recommended tests may include:

• Skin cytology, to examine skin cells under a microscope
• Skin scraping, to test for skin mites
• Fungal culture, to diagnose ringworm infection
• Skin culture and sensitivity, to diagnose bacterial infection and determine the best treatment  
• Skin biopsy, to look for underlying skin disease
• Blood tests, to look for hormonal diseases like hypothyroidism and Cushing’s disease
• Allergy testing, to determine the underlying cause of allergic skin disease
• Food trial, to diagnose food allergies

Your veterinarian will make testing recommendations based on their physical exam findings. Exam findings can help suggest likely causes of a pet’s folliculitis, allowing the veterinarian to choose the most appropriate diagnostic tests for the patient.

How is folliculitis treated?

Folliculitis treatment will depend on the underlying cause of your pet’s condition.

As stated earlier, most folliculitis is caused by a bacterial infection. If your dog or cat’s folliculitis is caused by a bacterial infection, your veterinarian will likely prescribe an oral antibiotic. This may be accompanied by a topical antibacterial shampoo, spray, or ointment. Your veterinarian may also prescribe medication to alleviate your pet’s itching and inflammation.

Pets with underlying skin allergies may also need treatment to address their allergies. In the case of a pet with flea allergies, for example, your veterinarian may recommend effective monthly parasite prevention. Food allergies are often treated with a prescription diet, which can reduce skin inflammation and associated folliculitis flare-ups. Finally, some pets are allergic to inhaled allergens in their environment. Treatment of inhalant allergies may involve the use of medications (oral or injectable) or hyposensitization treatment (using allergy injections or sublingual allergen dosing). Your veterinarian will work with you to determine the best treatment for your pet’s allergies.

If your pet’s folliculitis is caused by mites, fungal infection, hormonal disease, or other cause, your veterinarian will work with you to determine the most effective treatment option for the underlying cause of your pet’s condition.

Your pet’s prognosis will depend on the underlying cause of their folliculitis. In some cases, folliculitis is an isolated, one-time occurrence that is easily addressed with treatment. In other cases, ongoing treatment may be needed and your pet’s response to treatment may vary.

Can I prevent folliculitis in my pet?

There is no guaranteed way to prevent folliculitis in pets. However, there are a few steps you can take to reduce the risk:

• Treat skin allergies proactively. Unmanaged allergies are a leading contributor to folliculitis. Work with your veterinarian or a veterinary dermatologist to develop an allergy management plan for your pet, keeping in mind that allergy management is a long-term process.
• Use a veterinary-recommended parasite preventive, to prevent fleas and other parasites that may cause folliculitis.
• Do your research when selecting a groomer. Clipper-associated trauma and poor sanitation can contribute to skin infections and folliculitis.
• Keep hormonal disease, like hypothyroidism and Cushing’s disease, well-controlled. Folliculitis can occur when hormonal diseases are poorly regulated.
• Seek veterinary care if you notice any signs of skin disease, such as itching or hair loss. Diagnosing and treating skin disease early can reduce the likelihood of progression to folliculitis.

If you have any concerns about your pet’s skin, contact your veterinarian.

The post Folliculitis in Dogs and Cats appeared first on Pet Care Blog – Dog and Cat Health Advice and More | Healthy Paws.

What is a Gastric Ulcer?

A gastric ulcer is simply an open sore on the inner surface of a dog’s stomach. Gastric ulcers usually develop when too much stomach acid is present or when something has gone wrong with the gastric mucosal barrier – the layers of mucus, tissues, and molecular compounds that normally protect the stomach wall.

Causes of Gastric Ulcers in Dogs

Dogs can develop gastric ulcers for many reasons, including:

• Drug side effects – Dogs who are treated with high doses or long courses of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) and corticosteroid medications are at increased risk for gastric ulcers because these drugs lower the levels of prostaglandins that help protect the lining of the stomach.
• Other conditions that disrupt the barrier that protects the stomach – Lots of health problems can cause damage to the gastric mucosal barrier, including inflammatory bowel disease, infections (especially with a bacteria called Helicobacter), tumors in the stomach wall, eating foreign material, neurologic disorders, surgery to the stomach, gastric dilatation and volvulus, low protein levels, and shock.
• Health problems that make the stomach more acidic – Liver disease, chronic kidney disease, gastrinomas (a tumor in the pancreas), and mast cell tumors can all increase the production of gastric acid and may result in stomach ulcers.
• Extreme exercise – Several studies have found an extremely high (up to 48.5%) prevalence of gastric ulcers in sled dogs competing in the Iditarod.

In some cases, an underlying cause for a dog’s gastric ulcer may not be obvious.

Symptoms of Gastric Ulcers

Vomiting is by far the most common symptom of gastric ulcers in dogs, but lots of things make dogs vomit! Other signs to look for include:

• Vomit that may contain bright red blood or partially digested blood that resembles coffee grounds
• Poor appetite
• Weight loss
• Drooling
• Abdominal pain
• Dark stools, which can be seen when partially digested blood is present

Severe gastric ulcers can lead to significant blood loss or create a hole (perforation) that allows stomach contents to leak into a dog’s abdominal cavity resulting in a serious condition called peritonitis. Talk to your veterinarian if your dog has any of the symptoms associated with a gastric ulcer. They can tell you if your dog needs to be seen immediately.

How are Gastric Ulcers Diagnosed?

All of the symptoms of gastric ulcers in dogs can also be seen with other health problems. Therefore, a veterinarian will need to do a thorough workup to start narrowing down the potential causes. They will start by asking you questions about your dog’s health and lifestyle and then perform a physical examination. Be sure to mention any drugs or supplements that your dog is taking. Diagnostic testing will usually follow and may include:

• Fecal exams
• Bloodwork
• Urinalysis
• Imaging (x-rays and/or ultrasound) of your dog’s abdomen
• Additional tests may also be necessary

The results of all these tests will help your veterinarian rule out other causes of your dog’s symptoms and identify any potential underlying health problems. However, definitively identifying an ulcer usually requires the use of an endoscope or surgery that allows the veterinarian to look inside your dog’s stomach.

Treatment for Gastric Ulcers in Dogs

Mild to moderate gastric ulcers usually respond well to medical treatment. Several different types of drugs are available that can reduce the production of stomach acid or help protect the stomach’s lining as it heals. Veterinarians frequently prescribe omeprazole, misoprostol, or sucralfate, but other options are available too.

Dogs with severe gastric ulcers often need additional treatment and supportive care. Fluid therapy can counteract dehydration while transfusions may be required if a dog has lost a lot of blood. Your veterinarian will likely recommend surgery if a tumor is present, if your dog has a perforation and peritonitis, or if the ulcer doesn’t heal with medical treatment. If an underlying cause for the ulcer has been identified, it should be treated as well.

The diagnosis and treatment of gastric ulcers in dogs can get quite expensive, but the exact costs will depend on the specifics of a dog’s case.

Recovery and Management of Gastric Ulcers

Fortunately, most dogs with mild to moderate gastric ulcers will recover as long as they receive appropriate treatment. However, severe ulcers (including those that lead to perforation and peritonitis) and those associated with serious underlying health problems have a worse prognosis.

The post Gastric Ulcers in Dogs appeared first on Pet Care Blog – Dog and Cat Health Advice and More | Healthy Paws.

The belief that dogs could only see shades of grey was finally debunked in 1989 when an ophthalmologist and his colleagues discovered that canines could see blues and yellows but not reds and greens.

Dogs see colors, but their perception of the spectrum differs significantly from ours due to their unique eye structure. Besides satisfying our curiosity, understanding what colors dogs can see and which are beyond their perception improves their care, especially concerning their eye health as they age.

What colors do dogs see?

Dogs are dichromatic, meaning they have two types of color receptors or cones in their eyes, compared to the three types in humans. Scientific American says this makes them similar to most mammals—including cats, cows and pigs.

This difference drastically limits the range of colors dogs can distinguish. What we perceive as red appears as a dark brownish-gray or black to a dog, and green, orange, and bright red all tend to blend into one. Imagine the world’s hues at dusk, and you might get close to how your furry friend sees the world. This experience is similar to what a person with red-green color blindness would see.

The social media app TikTok offers a dog vision filter that many pet parents have used to see how their dog views the world. Several users posted videos of their dog’s toys with the filter on and saw why their dog prefers blue toys to red or green objects.

How good is a dog’s vision in other ways?

A dog’s eyesight is not all that great in general, at least compared to humans. If you’re trying to imagine the world through your dog’s eyes, you should picture everything a lot blurrier, according to the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists (ACVO). Most dogs have 20/75 vision, meaning that if they were 20 feet away from an object, they would see it like a human would standing 75 feet away.

A dog’s visual advantages over human vision

But dogs have evolved to have superior vision in some circumstances. Humans see poorly in low light, while canines possess a unique eye structure that helps with night vision – which is six times better than humans. Scientific American says that the canine eye includes a feature that reflects light, which is why your pet’s eyes glow in photos and in the dark. A dog’s retina also has more rods than a person’s, and rods work best under low-light conditions and are good at picking up movement.  Another way canines have better vision is in their wider field of view. Since most dogs’ eyes are placed wider apart on the face than the eyes of humans, they have a greater ability to scan the environment and pick up sudden movement, ACVO says. That may be why your dog spots a fleeing squirrel before you do.

How to adjust for your dog’s color blindness

A dog’s partial colorblindness is not really a problem for them – especially since they rely so much on their sense of smell and hearing, both far superior to humans.

However, the limitation means that certain toys, especially red or green ones, might not stand out against the green grass of your backyard in your dog’s vision. Some dogs may like the challenge of identifying a red toy by its other features – smell, shape, and size. If your dog seems frustrated at trying to find a red or green object, consider opting for toys in shades of blue or yellow.

How to protect your dog’s eye health as they age

Just like humans, dogs can experience changes in eye health with age. Conditions such as cataracts, glaucoma, and dry eye can affect their vision and, in some cases, lead to blindness. Regular veterinary check-ups can help catch these conditions early on, and certain dietary choices can also support eye health. If your dog shows signs of having trouble with sight, your regular vet may refer you to a veterinary ophthalmologist. Since they cannot read eye charts and respond, animals’ eyesight cannot be measured using standard human vision tests, says veterinarian Dr. Jeffrey Bowersox of ACVO. Instead, a veterinary ophthalmologist will closely evaluate the health of your dog’s eyes and can even use a series of lenses and a device called a retinoscope to measure nearsightedness and farsightedness.

One study showed that certain breeds, including beagles, terriers, and German shorthair pointers, are predisposed to certain types of eyesight problems such as glaucoma and cataracts. Your veterinarian or veterinary ophthalmologist may recommend more frequent eye exams based on your dog’s breed or health history.

Certain dietary choices can also support eye health. Antioxidants like vitamins C and E, found in many fruits and vegetables, can help protect your dog’s eyes. Omega-3 fatty acids, often found in fish oil supplements, are also beneficial for maintaining healthy vision. Ask your veterinarian if your dog could benefit from a nutritional supplement since supplementing an already balanced diet can lead to problems.

In addition to a nutritious diet, minimizing direct exposure to bright light and ensuring your dog doesn’t injure their eyes can contribute to long-term eye health. Consider outfitting your dog with a pair of sporty goggles if they spend a lot of time outdoors and could benefit from eye protection.

Conclusion

Understanding how dogs perceive the world through their eyes opens up a pathway to deeper empathy and care for our canine companions. By choosing toys that align with their visual capabilities and taking proactive steps to support their eye health, we can enrich their lives and ensure they enjoy a vibrant world, even if it’s a little different from the one we see.

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